2024 breakthrough of the year could mean the end of the HIV epidemic

The development of lenacapavir, a twice-yearly injectable drug, has been named the 2024 Breakthrough of the Year by Science journal for its potential to significantly reduce new HIV infections and reshape global HIV prevention efforts. Clinical trials, PURPOSE 1 and PURPOSE 2, showed lenacapavir’s remarkable efficacy in preventing HIV, with nearly 100% effectiveness among cisgender women in Africa and 96% among men and transgender individuals globally.

Unlike daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) pills, lenacapavir addresses challenges such as stigma, low adherence, and accessibility issues that have limited the effectiveness of oral PrEP in real-world settings. Advocacy groups and researchers highlight its transformative potential, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where the HIV epidemic is most severe.

Despite its promise, lenacapavir’s high cost—$42,250 annually in the U.S.—poses barriers to accessibility, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Advocates emphasize the need for infrastructure, regulatory approval, and affordable generic versions to ensure widespread availability. Experts believe that with proper implementation, lenacapavir could substantially reduce HIV transmission rates, potentially altering the epidemic’s trajectory and bringing the world closer to ending HIV/AIDS.

Source: NPR